Ho tloha ha WHO e phatlalalitse ka molao COVID-19 e le "seoa" sa lefats'e ka la 11 Hlakubele 2020, linaha ho pota ka ntsoe-leng li nkile ho bolaea likokoana-hloko e le mokhoa oa pele oa ts'ireletso ho thibela ho ata ha seoa sena.Litsi tse ntseng li eketseha tsa lipatlisiso tsa saense li se li thahasella haholo ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa lebone la ultraviolet (UV): theknoloji ena ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko e hloka ts'ebetso e fokolang ea matsoho, ha e eketse ho hanyetsa baktheria, 'me e ka etsoa ka thōko ntle le batho ba teng.Taolo le ts'ebeliso e bohlale li loketse haholo libaka tsa sechaba tse koetsoeng tse nang le bongata bo bongata, nako e telele ea bolulo le moo tšoaetso e ka bang teng hangata.E fetohile mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa thibelo ea seoa, ho thibela likokoana-hloko le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko.Ho bua ka tšimoloho ea ultraviolet sterilization le mabone a ho thibela likokoana-hloko, re tlameha ho qala butle-butle ka ho sibolloa ha leseli la "ultraviolet".
Mahlaseli a Ultraviolet a khanya ka makhetlo a 750THz ho isa ho 30PHz khanyeng ea letsatsi, a tsamaellanang le bolelele ba maqhubu a 400nm ho isa ho 10nm sebakeng sa vacuum.Leseli la ultraviolet le na le maqhubu a phahameng ho feta leseli le bonahalang 'me le ke ke la bonoa ka mahlo.Khale khale, batho ba ne ba sa tsebe hore e teng.
Ritter (Johann Wilhelm Ritter(1776-1810)
Ka mor'a hore setsebi sa fisiks sa Brithani Herschel se fumane mahlaseli a sa bonahaleng a mocheso, mahlaseli a infrared, ka 1800, a khomarela khopolo ea fisiks ea hore "lintho li na le symmetry ea mekhahlelo e 'meli", setsebi sa fisiks le k'hemistri sa Jeremane Johann Wilhelm Ritter (1776-1810), se fumanoeng ka 1801 hore ho na le khanya e sa bonahaleng ka nģ’ane ho karolo e pherese ea mabala a bonahalang.O ile a sibolla hore karolo e ka ntle ho karolo e pherese ea mahlaseli a letsatsi e ka susumetsang lifilimi tsa lifoto tse nang le silver bromide, kahoo ea sibolla boteng ba khanya ea ultraviolet.Ka hona, Ritter e boetse e tsejoa e le ntate oa leseli la ultraviolet.
Mahlaseli a Ultraviolet a ka aroloa ka UVA (wavelength 400nm ho 320nm, maqhubu a tlase le maqhubu a malelele), UVB (wavelength 320nm ho 280nm, maqhubu a mahareng le maqhubu a mahareng), UVC (wavelength 280nm ho 100nm, maqhubu a phahameng le maqhubu a khuts'oane), EUV ( 100nm ho isa ho 10nm, maqhubu a phahameng haholo) 4 mofuta.
Ka 1877, Downs le Blunt ba tlalehile ka lekhetlo la pele hore mahlaseli a letsatsi a ka bolaea libaktheria mecheng ea litaba tsa setso, e ileng ea boela ea bula monyetla oa ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho sebelisoa ha ultraviolet sterilization le disinfection.Ka 1878, batho ba ile ba fumana hore mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi a mahlaseli a letsatsi a na le phello e thibelang likokoana-hloko le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko.Ka 1901 le 1906, batho ba ile ba qapa mercury arc, mohloli oa mabone oa maiketsetso oa ultraviolet le mabone a quartz a nang le matla a molemonyana a ho fetisa khanya ea ultraviolet.
Ka 1960, mochine oa ultraviolet sterilization le disinfection o ile oa tiisoa ka lekhetlo la pele.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha likokoana-hloko li khantšitsoe ke khanya ea ultraviolet, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) e ka seleng ea baeloji e monya matla a ultraviolet photon, ’me selikalikoe sa cyclobutyl se etsa dimer pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tse bapileng tsa thymine ka ketane e tšoanang ea molek’hule ea DNA.(thymine dimer).Ka mor'a hore dimer e thehoe, sebopeho sa li-helix tse peli tsa DNA lia ameha, motsoako oa li-primers tsa RNA li tla emisa ho dimer, 'me mesebetsi ea ho pheta-pheta le ho ngola ea DNA ea sitisoa.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-radicals tsa mahala li ka hlahisoa tlas'a mahlaseli a ultraviolet, a bakang photoionization, kahoo a thibela likokoana-hloko ho ikatisa le ho ikatisa.Lisele li na le maikutlo a matle haholo ho li-ultraviolet photon lihlopheng tsa maqhubu a maqhubu a haufi le 220nm le 260nm, 'me li khona ho monya matla a photon lihlopha tsena tse peli, kahoo li thibela ho ikatisa ha DNA.Boholo ba mahlaseli a ultraviolet a nang le leqhubu la 200nm kapa lekhutšoane a kenella moeeng, kahoo ho thata ho hasana libakeng tse telele.Ka hona, leqhubu le leholo la mahlaseli a ultraviolet bakeng sa sterilization le tsepame lipakeng tsa 200nm le 300nm.Leha ho le joalo, mahlaseli a ultraviolet a monyetsoeng ka tlase ho 200nm a tla bola limolek'hule tsa oksijene moeeng 'me a hlahise ozone, e leng eona e tla bapala karolo ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko.
Ts'ebetso ea ho bonesa ha khanya ka phallo e thabisang ea mouoane oa mercury esale e tsejoa ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo: mouoane o koaletsoe ka har'a tube ea khalase, 'me motlakase o sebelisoa ho li-electrode tse peli tsa tšepe lipheletsong tse peli tsa thapo, ka hona, "arc of light" ", ho etsa hore mouoane o khanye.Kaha ka nako eo khanya ea khalase ea mahlaseli a kotsi e ne e le tlaase haholo, mehloli ea mabone ea maiketsetso e ne e e-s'o fumanoe.
Ka 1904, Dr. Richard Küch oa Heraeus Jeremane o ile a sebelisa khalase ea quartz e se nang bubble, e hloekileng haholo ho etsa lebone la pele la quartz ultraviolet mercury lamp, Original Hanau® Höhensonne.Ka hona, Küch o nkoa e le eena moqapi oa lebone la ultraviolet mercury le pula-maliboho tšebelisong ea mehloli ea mabone a maiketsetso bakeng sa mahlaseli a batho kalafong ea lebone la bongaka.
Ho tloha ha lebone la pele la quartz ultraviolet mercury le hlaha ka 1904, batho ba ile ba qala ho ithuta ka tšebeliso ea lona tšimong ea sterilization.Ka 1907, mabone a ultraviolet a quartz a ntlafalitsoeng a ne a rekisoa haholo e le mohloli oa leseli la kalafo.Ka 1910, Marseilles, Fora, mokhoa oa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko oa ultraviolet o ile oa sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea phepelo ea metsi ea litoropong, ka matla a letsatsi le letsatsi a 200 m3 / d.Hoo e ka bang ka 1920, batho ba ile ba qala ho ithuta ka ultraviolet lebaleng la ho bolaea likokoana-hloko moeeng.Ka 1936, batho ba ile ba qala ho sebelisa theknoloji ea ho thibela mahlaseli a kotsi likamoreng tsa ho buoa sepetlele.Ka 1937, litsamaiso tsa ultraviolet sterilization li ile tsa sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele likolong ho laola ho ata ha rubella.
Bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1960, batho ba ile ba qala ho sebelisa theknoloji ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka mahlaseli a kotsi ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere metseng ea litoropo.Ho tloha ka 1965 ho ea ho 1969, Komisi ea Mehloli ea Metsi ea Ontario Canada e ile ea etsa lipatlisiso le tlhahlobo mabapi le tšebeliso ea theknoloji ea ultraviolet e thibelang likokoana-hloko ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa litoropo le phello ea eona ho fumana mehloli ea metsi.Ka 1975, Norway e ile ea hlahisa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka mahlaseli a kotsi, ho nkela ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka chlorine ka lihlahisoa.Palo e kholo ea liphuputso tsa pele e ile ea etsoa mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea ts'oaetso ea ultraviolet ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa litoropo.
Sena e ne e le haholo-holo ka lebaka la hore bo-rasaense ba ka nako eo ba ile ba hlokomela hore masala a chlorine ka ho pharaletseng sebelisoa chlorination disinfection tshebetso e ne e chefo ho litlhapi le lintho tse phelang tse ling tse ho fumana 'mele oa metsi., 'me ho ile ha sibolloa le ho netefatsoa hore mekhoa ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ea lik'hemik'hale e kang chlorine disinfection e ka hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa carcinogenic le genetic aberration tse kang trihalomethanes (THMs).Liphuputso tsena li ile tsa susumelletsa batho ho batla mokhoa o betere oa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko.Ka 1982, k'hamphani e 'ngoe ea Canada e ile ea qapa mokhoa oa pele oa lefats'e o bulehileng oa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa ultraviolet.
Ka 1998, Bolton e ile ea paka katleho ea khanya ea ultraviolet ho senya protozoa, kahoo a khothalletsa ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea ultraviolet disinfection mekhoeng e meng e meholo ea phepelo ea metsi litoropong.Ka mohlala, pakeng tsa 1998 le 1999, feme ea phepelo ea metsi ea Vanhakaupunki le Pitkäkoski e Helsinki, Finland, e ile ea nchafatsoa ka ho latellana ’me ho ile ha eketsoa mekhoa ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka mahlaseli a kotsi, ka kakaretso ea matla a phekolo a hoo e ka bang 12 000 m3/h;EL e Edmonton, Canada Smith Water Supply Plant e boetse e kentse lisebelisoa tsa ultraviolet disinfection ho pota 2002, ka matla a letsatsi le letsatsi a phekolo ea 15,000 m3 / h.
Ka la 25 Phupu, 2023, China e phatlalalitse tekanyetso ea naha "Ultraviolet germicidal lamp standard number GB 19258-2003".Lebitso le tloaelehileng la Senyesemane ke: Lebone la Ultraviolet germicidal.Ka la 5 Pulungoana 2012, China e phatlalalitse maemo a naha "Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal lamps standard number GB/T 28795-2012".Lebitso le tloaelehileng la Senyesemane ke: Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal lamps.Ka la 29 Tšitoe, 2022, China e phatlalalitse "Litekanyetso tsa Tekanyetso ea Matla a Matla le Ts'ebetso ea Matla a Maemo a Maemo a Maemo a Ballast bakeng sa Mabone a Hlahlang Khase bakeng sa Mabone a Kakaretso: GB 17896-2022" maemo a naha, lebitso le tloaelehileng la Senyesemane: Bonyane bo tlase bo lumelletsoeng ba tšebeliso ea matla le matla. limaraka tse sebetsang hantle tsa mabone a mabone a khase bakeng sa mabone a akaretsang li tla kengoa tšebetsong ka la 1 Pherekhong 2024.
Hajoale, theknoloji ea ultraviolet sterilization e se e fetohile theknoloji e bolokehileng, e tšepahalang, e sebetsang hantle le e baballang tikoloho.Theknoloji ea ultraviolet sterilization butle-butle e nkela mekhoa ea setso ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko 'me e fetoha theknoloji e tloaelehileng ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko.E sebelisitsoe haholo mafapheng a fapaneng lapeng le kantle ho naha, joalo ka kalafo ea khase e litšila, kalafo ea metsi, ho thibela metsi holim'a metsi, ho thibela moea, joalo-joalo.
Nako ea poso: Dec-08-2023